01 - Whisk together flour, baking soda, baking powder, ginger, cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg, and salt in a medium bowl. Set aside for later use.
02 - Beat softened butter and brown sugar on medium speed in a large mixing bowl until light and creamy, approximately 2 minutes.
03 - Incorporate egg, molasses, and vanilla extract into the butter mixture, mixing until thoroughly combined.
04 - Gradually add dry ingredients to the wet mixture on low speed, mixing until a thick dough forms.
05 - Divide dough into two equal portions, flatten each into a disk, wrap in plastic wrap, and refrigerate for at least 1 hour or up to overnight.
06 - Preheat oven to 350°F and line baking sheets with parchment paper.
07 - Roll one portion of chilled dough on a lightly floured surface to 1/4 inch thickness. Cut into shapes with cookie cutters and place 1 inch apart on prepared baking sheets.
08 - Bake for 8–10 minutes until edges just start turning golden. Cool on pan for 2 minutes, then transfer to a wire rack to cool completely.
09 - Stir powdered sugar with 2–3 tbsp milk or water until smooth but not runny. Adjust with additional liquid if thinner consistency is desired.
10 - Decorate fully cooled cookies with icing and sprinkles. Allow icing to set completely before serving or storing.